http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/ http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/ All About Arts - Art history, styles, movements, trends, schools, periods weekly 0 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/graphic_art.htm Principally applied to the processes of printing from various kinds of blocks, plates or type, such as etching, drypoint, lithography, wood and linoleum block printing, etc. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/arts_aim.htm But what of the actual subject-matter which the majority of sculptures and paintings seek to portray? What of their content? Is this of secondary importance? weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/art_is_as_old_as_mankind.htm We refer to the art of Antiquity, of the Middle Ages, of the Renaissance and of the Modern Age. This is a very broad classification, but it is still valid. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/art_concept.htm Sculpture is the art of the sense of touch. When Michelangelo was nearly blind, it is said, he asked to be led to the statue of the Apollo of Belvedere so that he could feel the form with his hands. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/painting_historical_subjects.htm Uccello, 'The Rout of San Romano'; Titian, 'The Battle of Cadore', 'General del Vasco addressing his soldiers'; Tintoretto, 'The Battle of Zara'; and Leonardo's famous cartoon, since lost, of 'The Battle of Anghiari'. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/illumination.htm The earliest illuminated manuscripts north of the Alps date from the 7th century. PreCarolingian illumination (7th and 8th cent.) mostly absorbed late classic Eastern and Byzantine influences and produced some works of the highest order, especially in the British Isles. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/egyptian_jewellery.htm The earliest surviving articles of jewellery are Egyptian. Many techniques are represented: chiselling, moulding, hammering, inlay, filigree and cloisonné. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/lace_making.htm Lace-making falls into two classes: (1) needlepoint made by the needle; (2) bobbin or pillow lace made with bobbins and pins on a pillow. Pillow lace may easily be distinguished from Point lace as in the former the ground or réseau is made of plaited thread. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/town_planning.htm The Renaissance planners alone tried once again to devise 'ideal cities' on strictly geometric lines, preferably circular, polygonal or square, with a radial street system. But few towns were in fact built in this manner (Palmanova, Hanau, Freudenstadt). weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/mozaic_design.htm A mosaic is a design formed by embedding small stones, vitreous or enamelled cubes in cement. The method is an outgrowth of inlay. A remarkable piece of mosaic dating from c. 3500 B.C. was excavated at Ur. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/landscape_painting.htm Landscape is the latest to develop of the various branches of painting. It probably cannot mature until a civilisation is sufficiently advanced for Man no longer to feel Nature as a wholly unpredictable, hostile force. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/lithograph.htm A lithograph is a flat print, i. e. the lines and areas to be printed are neither raised nor sunk, but entirely level with the plate. This can be made of limestone or slate, which is the reason for speaking of a lithograph (Greek lithos -- a stone). weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/monastic_archlitecture.htm The monks of Early Christendom lived separately in scattered cells, meeting at the monastic church for ritual purposes and in the refectory for meals. Later, the accommodation for the monks in Eastern Christendom was regularly built against the inside of a fortified girdle wall. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/crafts_with_sculpture.htm Renaissance artists such as Leonardo, Dürer, Verrocchio and Cellini thought it natural to design all manner of things. After all, architecture is strictly speaking an 'applied art', since it has a function. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/folly.htm Nearly every 18th-century country house could boast its Temple, Artificial Ruin, Triumphal Arch, Pyramid, Tower, Gazebo, Grotto or Ornamental Mausoleum. Some parks, like that at Stowe, were embellished with all these types of folly. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/speciments_of_furniture.htm Chests and cupboards are the earliest surviving specimens of furniture; tables, beds, desks and chairs are later in date. Furniture, in early days, had to serve many functions. Very little furniture survives from Antiquity. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/architecture.htm Architecture has much in common with sculpture. Both favour stone, wood and clay. Even ferroconcrete has its antecedent in the iron-framed plaster cast of the sculptor. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/intermediate_stage.htm The walls of Greek and Egyptian temples, and Egyptian, Greek and medieval statues were all decorated with colours. Coloured pottery survives from the pre-dynastic age in China and from the earliest known Mexican civilisations, as well as from the so-called Hallstatt period. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/draw_means_abstract.htm It is drawing, perhaps, -- the art of the line -- that shows most clearly to what an extent and how rapidly art grows beyond the mere representation of objective reality -- how all its endeavours are directed towards transfiguring what occurs in nature. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/the_term_academy.htm The word derives from a grove near Athens dedicated by the Ancient Greeks to the mythical hero Akademos, where Plato conversed with his pupils. The name was revived during the early Italian Renaissance in idealistic humanist circles, the most influential of which was the group gathered about Lorenzo de' Medici. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/alabaster.htm This is a comparatively soft, crystalline stone varying in colour from white to pale yellow. It was used in Assyria both for small vessels and for large reliefs, but it is generally associated with its wide use in medieval Europe for monuments and retables. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/altars.htm The earliest altars seem to have been mounds or platforms of unbaked earth or large stones, but these rapidly developed into more ornamental forms. Assyrian altars were of limestone and alabaster, those of the Egyptians were of basalt or polished granite. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/history_of_collecting.htm The history of collecting, like that of patronage, reflects the trend of taste and also shows the relation of art to wealth. The earliest collections were associated with religion and the public treasury, as in the Egyptian tombs of the kings and the sanctuaries at Delphi and Olympia. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/basilicas.htm In Roman times the basilica was a hall of justice and commercial exchange, and occupied a central position. The usual plan, which was probably a Roman development from a Greek temple, was a rectangle twice as long as its width. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/early_illustrated_books.htm In the 19th century the use of illustrations in books of every kind greatly increased. Wood engraving was the principal process employed, but lithography, invented early in the century, also became very popular and was carried to great perfection in France. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/brickwork.htm As long ago as between the 4th and 3rd millennia B. C. the Sumerians faced their buildings of sun-dried bricks with bricks of fired clay. Brick in its unglazed form, or as tiles, glazed and moulded or carved in relief, was the most common building material in the architecture. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/enamel.htm ENAMEL consists of a glass flux, coloured with metallic oxides. The earliest known form of enamelling was practised in Ancient Egypt and, above all, amongst the Celts and Saxons. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/calligraphy.htm CALLIGRAPHY is the art of writing. In a more restricted use the term is frequently employed to refer to the products of professional writing masters working in Europe from the 16th to the 19th centuries. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/capital.htm The Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. The Doric capital consists of a square crowning block (abacus) and a cushion (echinus), subtly curving into the necking that joins it to the column proper. The Ionic capital consists of an abacus. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/caricature.htm CARICATURE A drawing of a person or persons in which certain characteristics are exaggerated with the intention of ridicule or burlesque. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/castles.htm Beaumaris, Harlech, Conway, Caernarvon, Pembroke and Caerphilly. During the 14th and 15th centuries castles. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/glass_artist.htm Glass cutting and facetting flourished during the Baroque and Rococo periods in Germany, Holland and the British Isles. Lead and flint glass, richly facetted, was mostly made in England and Ireland ( Bristol, Waterford), flashing was mostly practised in Bohemia, enamelling in England ( Bristol) and France. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/glyptic_arts.htm The term 'glyptic' is derived from the Greek. It embraces the arts of carving precious or semi-precious stones in relief. Engraved stones are called intagli (It. intaglio, -i) or gems, while those which are worked in high relief are called cameos. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/copper_engraving.htm The copper engraving (in contrast to the woodcut) is based on an intaglio process. The drawing is engraved on a copper plate, exactly as ornament had been engraved on armour, jewellery, etc., for centuries. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/dome.htm To explain art--that, for Klee, meant an exercise in self-analysis. He therefore tells us what happens inside the mind of the artist in the act of composition--for what purposes he uses his materials, for what particular effects gives to them particular definitions and dimensions. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/art_of_goldsmith.htm The art of the goldsmith includes chasing, hammered work, damascening, filigree and casting in precious metals, as well as inlaying with precious stones and enamel-work. Jewellery, precious vessels, altar equipment, weapons and suits of armour all fall within its scope. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/famous_gardens.htm Famous gardens, often with enclosures for wild animals, existed already in Achaemenid Persia. The Roman Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century A. D. built a villa with extensive grounds in Tivoli. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/incunabula.htm The art of printing with movable types was preceded early in the 15th century by the production of single pictures printed from wood blocks. Lines of descriptive text were added to these woodcuts and the so-called 'block-book' came into existence, consisting of pictures and text cut on the same wood block. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/iron.htm Egyptians wrought iron and cast iron have provided civilised man with the major part of his tools, weapons and utensils and with many decorative objects. Wrought iron can be hammered, drawn or twisted and still maintain its strength. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/ornament.htm ORNAMENT stems from man's desire to decorate the things around him. The wealth of forms from which ornament derives embraces many realms. It can be abstract and geometrical, like the square form of the meander, which is found in many civilisations. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/porcelain.htm Porcelain consists of non-fusible clay, called kaolin, and fusible felspar, called petuntse by the Chinese. These are fired at a temperature of roughly 1400° C. After the first firing, the glass is applied. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/portraits.htm The portrait, whether painted, carved or modelled, confronts the artist with a special problem -- that of achieving a likeness, pleasing the sitter and at the same time creating a work of aesthetic value. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/poster_art_history.htm Artists began to design posters in the modern sense round 1890. Toulouse-Lautrec's lithographed coloured posters had been preceded by the work of his compatriot Chèret. The art of the poster continued to develop to a remarkable degree until about 1910, in England. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/pottery.htm Pottery is one of the oldest crafts and was already known in the earliest agricultural societies, which have often been named after the particular form of pottery they produced (corded-ware, 'Bandkeramik', painted pottery, etc.). weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/restoring.htm RESTORING is the method of bringing a damaged or defaced work of art back into its original state. The condition of buildings, statues, paintings, jewellery and other works depends to some extent on the materials of which they are made. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/silk_is_indigenous_to_china.htm The mulberry silk moth which produces silk is indigenous to China and the silk industry originated in that country at a remote period. The secret of silk culture was jealously guarded in China and only penetrated to Japan in the 3rd century A.D. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/stage_design.htm Early in the 18th century stage design underwent important changes owing to the examples of the great stage-designing family of Bibiena, four generations of whom worked in various parts of Europe. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/stained_glass.htm The origin of stained glass is obscure, but it is thought to come from the Near East and to date from no earlier than the 9th century. By the 10th century, Venice was the centre of the industry. The first record of pictorial windows is a manuscript giving an account of the various windows of Rheims Cathedral rebuilt from 969 to 988. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/still_life_painting.htm Like landscape painting still-life was late to develop in Europe as an independent art. In Chinese and Japanese painting, however, the still-life held an important place from a very early period. Flower and bamboo studies formed a prominent branch of Chinese painting. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/plastering.htm Plastering or stucco is one of the most ancient crafts connected with building. The Egyptian Pyramids contain plasterwork dating from c. 2000 B.C. used as a ground for decorative painting. Great use was made of the medium by the Aegean civilisations. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/tapestry.htm Tapestry is woven on a loom with several bobbins each used to insert its yarn in the area where the pattern requires that particular colour; it thus permits of a free, non-repeating design and unlimited colour. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/decorated_tiles.htm Decorated tiles did not come into use in Europe until the second half of the 12th century when they were relegated to the floor. Tile mosaic and inlaid tiles were probably first invented in northern France, their use spreading from there to England and the Netherlands. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/etching.htm ETCHING. Etching, like copper engraving is an intaglio process. There is little difference between the two methods, except that the lines, in the case of an etching, are not engraved directly into the plate (often also of copper). weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/vaulting.htm Fan vaulting represents a return to the Roman method of construction and the ribs lose their structural value. Fan vaulting is confined to England and there are examples at King's College, Cambridge, Sherborne Abbey, the Divinity Schools, Oxford, St George's Chapel, Windsor. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/european_wallpaper_art.htm The oldest surviving fragments of European wallpaper are English. An early 16th-century example was found in the Master's Lodge, Christ's College, Cambridge which has a large-scale pattern adapted from a contemporary damask. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/woodcut.htm The woodcut is a relief process, i. e. one in which the drawing stands out from the background of the block. Areas that are not meant to print off are hollowed out. This technique had already been used in connection with fabric printing, many centuries before the woodcut. weekly 1 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/index.htm All About Arts - Art history, styles, movements, trends, schools, periods weekly 2 sitemap http://art-canyon.com/all-about-arts/more_articles.htm The monks of Early Christendom lived separately in scattered cells, meeting at the monastic church for ritual purposes and in the refectory for meals. Later, the accommodation for the monks in Eastern Christendom was regularly built against the inside of a fortified girdle wall. weekly 2 sitemap